Atributos físicos e fisiológicos em sementes de soja no beneficiamento

Abstract

During the processing, the seeds pass through various equipment that removes impurities, broken seeds and whole seeds of lower quality, thus improving the homogeneity and the physiological quality of the lot. This operation must take a lot of care to ensure the maintenance of the physical and physiological attributes of the seeds. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of soybean seeds during the processing operation. The work was carried out in the municipality of Planaltina-DF, in the beneficiation unit of a company in the region, in the 2015/2016 harvest, and seed samples were collected from a transgenic soybean (RR). During the processing, the seeds passed through various equipment. The treatments consisted of the collection of seed samples at thirteen points, before and after each machine: silo exit; (P1 and P2), elevator (P1 and P2), elevator (P1 and P2), spiral (P1 and P2), densimetric table (P1 and P2), ready seed lift P1 and seed lift P2. The evaluations were: humidity, mechanical damage by hypochlorite, weight of one thousand seeds, germination, vigor and viability by the tetrazolium test. A completely randomized design with five replications was used. It is concluded that the beneficiation machines contribute to the maintenance and even the improvement of the lot quality of soybean seeds. Transportation equipment, consisting of mug elevators and conveyor belts, can cause a reduction in the quality of the soybean seed lot, mainly due to the increase in the incidence of mechanical damage. The classification of soybean seeds in round drill sieves allows the separation of soybean seeds into weight classes of one thousand seeds.