Biodiversidade de macromicetos da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

This dissertation refers to the study of macromycetes species (macroscopic fungi) found in five municipalities in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul (Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande, Tapes and Sentinela do Sul). Because of their bioactive properties and peculiarities in obtaining energy, macroscopic fungi have great potential for use in human food, biotechnological processes and the pharmaceutical industry. However, there are few studies that address this theme mainly for the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. This research aimed to identify the species of mushrooms that are part of the local micota and to contribute to the studies of macromicet distribution in the metropolitan mesoregions of Porto Alegre and the south-eastern mesoregion of Rio Grande. The study was carried out from March 2015 to December 2017. During collection expeditions the mature macromycetes were cautiously removed from the substrate, dehydrated and preserved by means of herborization and conservation in a liquid medium. The identification of the mushrooms was performed by analyzing the macroscopic, microscopic characteristics, organoleptic properties and ecological aspects. Eighteen species of macromycetes were found during the study period: Agaricus campestris, Amanita muscaria, Amanita sp1., Clathrus columnatus, Conocybe sp1., Coprinellus disseminatus, Coprinus comatus, Inocybe curvipes, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius deliciosus, Lactarius sp1., Lepista sordida, Lycoperdon perlatum, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Russula atropurpurea, Scleroderma citrinum, Suillus luteus, Suillus granulatus. Regarding seasonality, mycorrhizal macromycetes had their period of fructification between the autumn and winter months while saprophytic macromycetes predominated in the summer months.