Toxicidade em compostagem de biossólido do tratamento de efluentes do abate de suínos com diferentes materiais estruturantes

Abstract

Demand for food in the world has been increasing and the demand for animal protein follows this growth. In terms of consumption, pork is the main one in the world and Brazil is among the largest producers and exporters. However, much waste is generated and the slaughterhouse effluent has a high load of organic matter, so a treatment is done to make the material have the least impact. However, this treatment ends up generating biosolid which has high microbial load and needs an environmentally appropriate disposal. Composting is a promising alternative for treating organic waste, as it is a recycling method which forms a chemically and microbiologically stable compound and can be used as organic fertilizer. However, oxygen is required for aerobic microbiological degradation to occur in order to avoid bad odors and slurry formation. For this purpose, structuring materials can be used to give the biosolid a granular characteristic, making the swath porous. This allows the retention of atmospheric air inside it after revolving. The objective of the present work was to study the composting process in the sludge stabilization of the swine slaughtering effluent treatment plant, using as structuring materials sawdust, poultry litter, tobacco residue and rice husk. Eight rows were set up representing four duplicate treatments. Composting took place over a period of 132 days, during which physicochemical and toxicological parameters were analyzed, such as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of samples from each swath over 7 collections. Results indicate that composting occurred as expected. The toxicological results indicate that the compound still presents toxicity to the bioindicators and methods used, so it is interesting that more research be done in this direction.