A constituição objetiva do sujeito moderno no diagnóstico de Michel Foucault: uma digressão entre poder e saber no discurso da arque-genealogia.

Abstract

This paper aims to outline the diagnosis of Foucault on the objective constitution of the modern subject, erected in his opinion as the effect of mutual implication between disciplinary power and anthropological knowledge that emerge in parallel to the Enlightenment discourse. The issue offers an alternate vision to the digression of the truth as important issue, as it dulls the status of the subject of donor direction, main core of knowledge validated since the late eighteenth century. With Foucault the notion of truth is replaced by the composition of contingent speeches located in a historical plot, which project the true and false in the field of knowledge. This is consistent with a historiography unrelated to the anthropological model that has the intention to put in motion with its archeology and genealogy. In all his writings, the relationship he establishes between power and knowledge with the formation of the subject as much as the objectification occurs, as in the form of subjectivity, one dealing on the construction from an external point and the other through a drawing of oneself as a practice. This research reserves itself to a digression immanent to the content of construction focused on the outward man in order to set him as a subject in modernity, whose form is that of a docile, useful and productive individual. This path gives the meaning of the subject as subjected, an automaton opposed to the transcendental subject credited to the philosophy of Kant. To achieve this work, it is discussed the replacement of a tribunal of fact that demonstrates the limits set by Foucault to anthropological themes, which imputed producer consciousness once the condition of product. It is also shown in this issue the route of Foucault as an archaeologist of the knowledge which constituted both the man as his object and subject, and the genealogist who investigates the mechanics of power in his licentious relationship with knowledge, so to define the objective conditions which made the subject interpreted by the French philosopher about modernity. The result is gathered from reading the work of Foucault, especially his writings between 1961 and 1976, and commentators, especially Gilles Deleuze, Paul Veyne, Hubert Dreyfus, Paul Rabinow, Roberto Machado, César Candiotto and Jürgen Habermas.