Justificabilidade moral do aborto: o enfoque jusnaturalista de John Finnis, Robert P. George e Patrick Lee.

Abstract

In this dissertation we deal with the problem of moral justification of abortion in the light of the New Theory of Natural Law. We study, in particular, the works of John Finnis, Robert P. George and Patrick Lee with emphasis on the problem of the moral status of the embryo, which unfolds in two questions: What is the unborn? What is due to him as a matter of justice? To this end, we elucidate what are the foundational bases of John Finnis' theory of jusnaturalism and in what sense can we speak of ethical objectivism in Finnis. We consider some of the main replies already formulated to these arguments and, finally, to elucidate the notion of individual rights in the work Natural Law and Natural Rights to, after an analytical approach of the supposed right to abortion, consider the position of authors favorable to its moral permissibility, who formulated their reasons using the language of rights. In the end, the theses proposed here are as follows: (i) We are human animals. (ii) We all come into being with fertilization or monozygotic twinning. (iii) Every living human being is a person and (iv) It is not possible to invoke the Specific Thesis of Neutrality.