Identificação e comparação dos principais constituintes químicos da Achyrocline satureiodes (Lam.) DC (marcela) através dos métodos extrativos hidrodestilação, maceração, Soxhlet, banho e sonda ultrassônicos

Abstract

The Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC., known as “marcela”, is a plant of the Asteraceae, widely used in folk medicine, mainly as an antioxidant, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory, and are widely found in Rio Grande do Sul. The aim of this study was to compare the yields of extracts from inflorescences of “marcela”, obtained by the methods maceration, Soxhlet, ultrasonic bath and probe with the organic solvents hexane and ethanol. It was also performed a comparison of the chemical constituents obtained by hydrodistillation of the flowers collected in the years 2008 and 2009. This study was identified the main chemical constituents the hexane extracts and essential oils using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and mass spectrometry detector (GC/MS) and by the Kovats indices. The extract obtained with ethanol was a higher yield than with hexane and it was also a higher efficiency of the Soxhlet method in comparison to all other extractions. The major constituent was trans-caryophyllene, in all methods, followed by -copaene and -cadinene, with some variation in the compound concentration. The constituints extracted from the hydrodistillation in 2008 and 2009 showed large chemical similarity, varying only the concentration of major constituents, being the major constituent caryophyllene oxide for both samples.