Contribuições para estudo do “Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida” para uma cidade de porte médio, Pelotas-RS: caracterização das empresas construtoras e incorporadoras privadas e inserção urbana.

Abstract

The Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida - PMCMV (My House my Life Program) has built or commissioned more than four million housing units for families with a monthly income of up to ten minimum wages in Brazil since 2009. Its constructions have been assessed as low quality with reference to the housing development urban integration nationwide, pointing to disqualified access to services and inadequate location in the cities where it has been implanted; in addition, there has been the financialization of the program. This ultimately benefits the activities of private builders and developers (private promoters) of various sizes to built urbanistically unqualified housing projects which take advantage of PMCMV legal permissiveness, given the lenient State intervention in its quality control process. This case study proposes to investigate this integration model in Pelotas, a medium-sized city located in southern Brazil, taking the housing of this Program implanted in the city as a case study. It aims to evaluate the quality of PMCMV urban integration initiatives in Pelotas as to access of residents to public services such as education, health, public transport and leisure areas, as well as identify private promoter profiles and operating strategies by checking whether the relationship between these activities, urban integration quality, and the current legislation permissiveness. The study starts from a bibliographical and documentary survey (data collection of all PMCMV development enterprises commissioned in Pelotas until December 2015, location of city service equipment, and the set of regulations governing PMCMV implementation). Its analysis methods include qualitative and quantitative assessment measuring the quality of PMCMV urban integration of housing developments in Pelotas and investigates whether the action of these agents in the city, and the relationship between these agents and the qualification of housing development urban integration and local legal changes. The results identify a clear relationship between the mode of operation of these agents and the lack of urban integration qualification of these developments; in addition, these agents have benefited from local legislation opportunistic changes, which have facilitated their activities in the market. The results confirmed an urgent need for State measures that can contribute to a quality improvement of housing development urban insertion, as well as an increased governmental involvement in the regulatory process of PMCMV implementation, such as the establishment and operation of the Housing Development Analysis Group by the Pelotas county authorities in 2013. It is pointed out that the right to the city is not being fully attended to by the Program, and thus demands a reflection by the Program governing bodies in order to rethink what kind of city it is being developed by PMCMV.