Declínio da confiança nas instituições políticas: o desafio da democracia brasileira (1995 – 2017).

Abstract

The phenomenon of falling confidence in political institutions, which is present in both consolidated democratic regimes and young democracies, has attracted the attention of researchers for at least two decades. Traditional explanations have transited between justifying the phenomenon through frustration and disillusionment with the regime after a brief "honeymoon" or calling attention to a more critical citizenship, and therefore more rigorous in the evaluation of politics. This work aims to investigate the decline of confidence in the central Brazilian political institutions of the liberal model of democracy: political parties, national congress, government, state and justice. In order to do so, it does not fail to analyze in the perspective of multidimensionality of political support, and argues that, in the case of Brazil, this phenomenon can be better understood if at least three factors are taken into account: frustrations and disappointments with promises democratic institutions; low state capacity; and change in values. The methodology used is both theoretical, with a review of the main works on the subject, as well as the empirical, longitudinal and descriptive analysis with data from the Latinobarómetro, Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), World Values Survey (WVS) of Public Opinion and Statistics (IBOPE) and World Bank. By overcoming traditional explanatory models, results point to the presence of a low state capacity, where deleterious traces remain in political and institutional practice, and a transformation in values accelerated with the technological revolution in the media, especially with the advent of social networks. The consequences of this confluence have been lower levels of trust in political institutions, as well as the erosion of support in many of its dimensions.