Avaliação do desempenho térmico da Arquitetura Pomerana da Serra dos Tapes: estudo no Quarto Distrito de São Lourenço do Sul - RS.

Abstract

Architecture has as basic function to provide shelter and protection, resulting from the climate, technology and culture of a people. In order to understand how the climate, technology and the culture of the people determine the vernacular architecture, this study aims evaluated and compare the thermal performance of different architectural types of residences produced by the descendants of Pomeranian immigrants from the 4th district of São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul state. In methodological terms, technical surveys of Pomeranian houses and interviews with the users were carried out at first. Later, analyzes of the lower floors and house facades were carried out, identifying and characterizing the different architectural types. After this characterization were made computational simulations of the thermal performance of the types identified with different solar orientations, aiming to identify the influence of environmental, cultural and technological issues over time. The results showed that there are basically four architectural types in the study area. These types evolve in a timeline and are distinguished mainly by the construction materials, the kitchen is or not inserted in the house, the roof of two or four waters and the presence or not of the balcony. Regarding the results of comfort and indices of performance and thermal comfort, so that the interior of the Pomeranian houses averaged 45% of the onesignificant improvement, in percentage terms, in the thermal performance over time. As no information was obtained on the thermal performance pf Pomeranian houses still on European soil, two possibilities can be concluded. The first is related to the difficult adaptation of the Pomeranian house to the new climate, since the climatic conditions of the former Pomerania were very different cultural traits, and culture overlaps with terms of comfort, as identified in this study in the implementation of the Pomeranian house, and the third in relation to the availability of construction materials and the adaptation to new materials. Thus, there is a complex relationship between climate, technology (types of materials and techniques used) and culture, in the case of the Pomeranians in Serra dos Tapes, these people had to adapt to a differentiated climate, with different materials, since the availability of materials is distinguished from the availability in Old Pomerania, and the cultural factor can still be emphasized in some points, resulting in a new architecture. The present study made it possible to obtain information about the Pomeranian houses in the rural area of São Lourenço do Sul, on the constructive techniques used by these people, how the Pomeranian houses evolved over time and how they behave thermally. In this sense, this study made a great contribution to the preservation of the identity of Pomeranian people, and the understanding of the process of adapting the architecture of these people in a new climate.