Acesso solar em espaços livres públicos: estudo para praças em Pelotas/RS.

Abstract

One of the most important factors for outdoor living is sun exposure, especially in winter and in places with cold winters The sun is very important for the well-being of the population, especially for their stay in open spaces, such as squares, in winter. The use of free spaces provides urban vitality, a factor to be considered in public space projects. To ensure solar access in winter it is necessary to take into account the urban morphology, which includes both the built space and the open spaces. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the conditions of insolation in public open spaces from the study of the built form on its border as a consequence of urban rules of volumetric conformations, for generic squares models in urban residential areas of the city of Pelotas, at 31º south latitude, in order to point out strategies to guarantee solar access, in support of environmental quality. The methodology employed in this dissertation combined insolation analysis tools and the definition criteria of the object of study. Study models were defined, based on the most recurring characteristics of the squares of the residential areas of the city, and the insolation analyzes were performed through the inverted Solar Envelope method, generated by simulation, in Rhinoceros software using Grasshopper and DIVA applications. With Sketch UP software, the maximum possible heights to be built at the borders of the squares were measured, without shading them. A comparative analysis was performed between the height indices allowed by the Pelotas Master Plan and the results found in order to evaluate their compatibility with solar access. The results obtained from the analysis indicated that the solar orientation and the jig of the roads around the squares are the factors that exert the greatest influence on the maximum heights that can be built on their borders without generating shading and that the form of the squares and the inclusion of the garden retreat has no considerable impact on the height index. The study concluded that the morphology of the border of the squares may prevent solar access in winter, requiring an adaptation of urban rules of volumetric conformation in Pelotas / RS, especially in residential areas, prioritizing and ensuring solar radiation in the squares in winter.