O ensino de ofícios na cidade do Rio Grande (1889-1930): uma análise sobre a infância desvalida.

Abstract

This doctoral thesis is dedicated to analyzing the handicrafts teaching to the destitute children, in the city of Rio Grande, during the First Republic. In this period education was seen as essential to the consolidation of the government system. Thus, it is believed that the education of rio-grandina underprivileged through asylum institutions, with a preventive profile, aimed to crafts teaching was a way to fight against marginalization and the mismatch of a less favored class, which increased through the Urbanization process. To carry out this research we sought a theoretical-methodological reference based on Cultural History and in the following categories: positivism, school institutions, school culture, crafts teaching, underprivileged childhood and Catholic education. The sources were newspapers and official documents. The study shows that the Rio-Grandense Republican Party strengthened in the state and had many supporters in the city of Rio Grande. Public servants, lawyers, doctors, politicians, merchants and other elite subjects were appointed as members of the Sul-Rio-Grandense Positivist Cooperative Club. In addition to that they constituted the local powers, that is, those who, together, could act directly in the socio-cultural, economic and political relations in the Rio Grande community. Their focus was on order, sanitation, and the progress of the city. At the same time, the Church, in reaction to its separation from the state, increased the number of dioceses, parishes, seminaries and schools. At the same time, it received various congregations from Europe to work in educational, health and welfare missions. Its goal was the spread of the Catholic faith and reconquer its place of power and influence within politics, culture, economy and so on. It was found, therefore, that local authorities as well as the Catholic Church needed, imputed by the republican context, to find ways to validate their socio-cultural projects. This aspect resulted, from convenience agreements, in the foundation of asylum institutions, in the city of Rio Grande, for prevention and inculcation of disciplines and civilizations values which aimed such social organization.