Produção de morangos em sistema sem solo: frequência de irrigação, substrato, soluções nutritivas e regulador de crescimento.

Abstract

The production of strawberries in a soilless cultivation system has gained great importance in Brazil, where this type of cultivation has been replacing traditional cultivation. Several reasons are responsible for this migration, such as: reducing the incidence of root diseases, facilitating management, increasing plant density and productivity, improving fruit quality, in addition to providing water and nutrients in quantities appropriate to the needs of the plant , reducing losses due to excesses in the cultivation environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the vegetative and productive behavior of strawberry plants and the physical-chemical quality of the fruits regarding the use of national seedlings, substrates, nutrient solutions, irrigation volumes and growth regulator in a soilless cultivation system. The studies were carried out in an experimental area belonging to Embrapa Clima Temperado, in Pelotas, RS, from 2017 to 2019 in cultivation systems soilless open and closed soil (with recirculation of the nutrient solution). The application of the concentrations of prohexadione calcium in strawberry seedlings caused a decrease in total leaf area and petiole length, reducing the vegetative growth of the seedlings. The concentrations did not influence the number of fruits per plant, the average fruit mass and the total fruit mass in the cultivars Aromas and Camarosa. Supplying 122.5 mL of irrigation a day to plants of the cultivar Camarosa favored the greater production of fruits per plant as well as fruits with greater mass. The use of substrates S1 and S2 provide greater number and fruit production with the cultivar Camarosa in relation to the substrate to the substrate S3. As well as greater production of stalls per plant. The physical-chemical and phytochemical characteristics of strawberry fruits cultivar Camarosa vary according to the interaction between the substrate and the volume of irrigation used. The handling with the CAI equipment or 52.5 mL of irrigation a day, makes it possible to obtain fruits with a higher content of soluble solids. The substrates S1 and S2, and 122.5 mL daily of irrigation, provide fruits with greater diameter and length. Plants of the Albion cultivar are earlier than those of 'San Andreas' to achieve full fruiting. While plants from the San Andreas cultivar have a greater number of fruits and a greater mass of fruits per plant, in addition to greater antioxidant activity in relation to Albion cultivar. Fruits produced from the use of the Albion cultivar have greater firmness and a higher content of soluble solids in relation to those of 'San Andreas', which in turn, show greater coloration of the epidermis.