Avaliação do impacto da reabilitação protética na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de pacientes oncológicos

Abstract

Quality of life is a broad concept that covers the perception of the respondent/patient and interrelates the environment with physical, psychological aspects, level of independence, social relationships and personal beliefs or religiosity. Cancer is a public health problem and is among the chronic diseases that affect quality of life, while oral health is an indispensable element of cancer care that must be sought and preserved in order to contribute to the maintenance of the patient's quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate whether prosthetic rehabilitation treatment would influence the quality of life related to oral health (QLROH) of cancer patients treated at the Hospital Escola of the Federal University of Pelotas- RS. The sample was for convenience, The collection of socioeconomic, demographic and general health data was obtained through a closed questionnaire by a trained interviewer. For oral health, a physical examination was performed by a calibrated dentist to obtain dental caries information and the use and need of prosthesis according to the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was applied to measure the impact of oral conditions on quality of life. Descriptive variables of depressive symptoms in which the BDI-SF (Beck Depression Inventory) instrument was applied for analysis, and the questionnaire proposed by Fox 1987 was used for analysis and for xerostomia conditions. These three questionnaires were applied before rehabilitation with dental prosthesis and after 6 months of the patient protected rehabilitated. Forty-seven patients were included from April 2017 to July 2019. The results of the present study indicate improvement in the QLROH of cancer patients rehabilitated with dental prostheses in all dimensions (p<0.05) performed by the Mann ‐ Whitney test, with a significance level of 5%. Among the types of rehabilitation performed, after crude and adjusted linear regression analysis, those who rehabilitated with upper and lower total prosthesis had a greater impact on quality of life OHIP 3.9 (95% CI 0.1-7.6; p=0.030) compared to patients rehabilitated with upper or lower partial prosthesis or upper and lower partial prosthesis. Thus, it is concluded that prosthetic rehabilitation contributed to improve QLROH in cancer patients, highlighting that individuals rehabilitated with double total dentures had the greatest impacts related to quality of life.