Biologia de Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) em diferentes hospedeiros e competição com Trichopria anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) em pupários de Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Abstract

Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a generalist pupal ectoparasitoid. Its hosts include species of great economic importance, among which stand out the tephritids Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824), that affect fruit production due to their direct and indirect damage, and Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) that has recently become one of the most important pests of berries in the world. Parasitoid performance is related to host quality, thus, the first chapter of this dissertation aimed to determine the biological parameters and the elaboration of the fertility life table of P. vindemmiae in puparia of A. fraterculus, C. capitata and D. suzukii. The parasitoid developed in the three species studied, however, the population of P. vindemmiae originating from the host D. suzukii, despite displaying shorter longevity, has a better performance than those from A. fraterculus and C. capitata. The endoparasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) and P. vindemmiae are considered potential agents to control D. suzukii, however, they have the same feeding guild, resulting in an interspecific competition. In order to evaluate the development of both parasitoids in a scenario of intrinsic competition, we offered puparia of D. suzukii previously parasitized by P. vindemmiae to T. anastrephae, with the first parasitoid in different stages of development (egg, 1st instar, 2nd/3rd instar, 4th instar or pupa). We also offered for P. vindemmiae pupae containing different stages of development of T. anastrephae (egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd instar or pupa). We also evaluated the preference of parasitoids for previously parasitized pupae and non-parasitized D. suzukii pupae. In non-choice bioassays, T. anastrephae only parasitized pupae in which P. vindemmiae was in early stages (egg and 1st instar), however, in these cases, the emergence of P. vindemmiae was higher. The parasitoid T. anastrephae, in choice bioassays, preferred non-parasitized puparia of D. suzukii, which also presented a greater emergence of T. anastrephae. The parasitoid P. vindemmiae parasitized pupae with all stages of T. anastrephae, but its emergence was superior only when T. anastrephae was in the pupal stage. In choice bioassays, P. vindemmiae preferred to parasitize pupae previously parasitized by T. anastrephae rather than nonparasitized D. suzukii pupae, indicating that P. vindemmiae is considered an facultative hyperparasitoid.