Potencial de produção de suco de uva na região do Vale do Rio do Peixe-SC: avaliação de variedades e técnicas de processamento

Abstract

The main objective of the present study is twofold, to identify the production potential of American and hybrid grapes in the Vale do Rio do Peixe-SC region, and to contribute to the organoleptic quality of the juices produced. The work was carried out at the EPAGRI Experimental Station in Videira, where eleven varieties of American and hybrid grapes for juice processing were studied. The first theme addressed was related to phenological, productive and physicochemical quality issues of the varieties, where variability in production cycles was observed, with the influence of climatic variables on cycle length, productivity, and physicochemical characteristics, especially accumulation of soluble solids and coloration. The varieties BRS Violeta, BRS Magna, Isabel Precoce and BRS Carmem, showed distinct cycles, favoring the expansion of the productive period in the target region of study. The second theme referred to the industrial potential of the varieties and was divided into different studies. The eleven varieties were submitted to enzymatic and steam extraction systems, showing that the technology used influences the physicochemical composition of juices and, in certain cases, can disqualify them as whole juices under the law. The influence of the extraction system is different between the varieties, with ‘BRS Violeta’ and ‘BRS Magna’ showing less variation from one system to another. The phenolic composition of juices produced in the different systems indicated less interference from the extraction system, with the variety potential being the main factor in the content and type of phenolic compounds. Juices produced by the enzymatic system in three successive crops were evaluated. BRS Violeta, BRS Magna, Isabel Precoce, BRS Cora and BRS Carmem have favorable characteristics for the complementation of the Isabel and Bordô cultivars, which are predominant in the production of juices in the studied region, as they maintained favorable physicochemical characteristics for the production of juices in the evaluated crops. Furthermore, in the research on extraction systems, the crops showed little influence on the polyphenolic composition of the juices, with the variety being the main factor responsible. The third theme referred to the use of varieties in cuts for the improvement of juices produced with the traditional ‘Isabel’ variety, where the tested cultivars (BRS Carmem, BRS Magna, Bordô, BRS Violeta and BRS Rúbea) influenced the colorimetric characteristics of the juices, showing alternatives for improving juice color. The information gathered over the study period demonstrates that the cultivation and processing of the varieties BRS Violeta, BRS Magna, Isabel Precoce and BRS Carmem are indicated for the Vale do Rio do Peixe-SC region, to increase the availability of raw material, complementing the varietal matrix in association with the traditional Isabel and Bordo varieties.