Padrões de traçado viário urbano e acessibilidade: uma abordagem das relações com o sistema de circulação.

Abstract

This is a theoretical study in the urbanism area, referred to the relationships among patterns of urban road layouts, accessibility and circulation system. This issue is approached from the systemic perspective and under the morphology viewpoint of the city, using tools of configuration analysis and urban modeling in computational environment. To do so, this study is structured in four steps. The first one deals with the selection of road layout patterns to be studied (which resulted in the following classification: cluster, grid, radial and semilattice) and the construction of this study structuring elements: the analytical road layouts (elaborated from road layouts of theoretical and real cities) the concept and measurement of accessibility and the representative parameters of the circulation system effect. The second step presents the computational environment for the development of experiments which are developed in the third step through the accessibility measurement of analytical layouts for different patterns of road layouts, initially without the influence of circulation system and afterwards considering this influence in two ways: prioritizing central and peripheral areas. The fourth step, on one hand, presents the systematization and the analysis of the results. Finally, the conclusions highlight the similarities and the differences among the road layout patterns, specially concerning to systems average accessibility and accessibility dispersion between its elements: in relation to the systems average accessibility, the patterns of road layouts present constant ordinal positions for the simulations in which the cluster has the lowest value, the grid and the radial with intermediate values and the semilattice with the highest value; regarding to the dispersion of accessibility indexes of the road segments, the patterns present distinctions between the circulation alternative which makes the central area a priority and the alternative which makes the peripheral area a priority highlighting that the circulation alternative which favors the central area tends to add more value to the systems average than to the alternative which focuses on the peripheral area although with bigger accessibility differentiation between the peripheral and the central areas.