Relação da qualidade do leite in natura com a qualidade da água de dessedentação animal e os atributos do solo de propriedades rurais

Abstract

The present study aimed to relate the quality of in natura milk with the quality of animal drinking water and the physical-chemical attributes of the soil of rural properties in the region of Vale do Taquari-RS. The study consisted of 36 rural properties with dairy production, all indicated by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Extension Technical Assistance Company (EMATER) of the municipalities belonging to the region. In these places, water samples were collected for animal watering, with winter and summer seasonality, and samples of in natura milk from lactating cows, with winter and summer seasonality. The water and milk samples were submitted to the analysis of the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters and their results were compared to the current legislation. Soil collections were carried out around the places of access to animal drinking water, to characterize the area, and the samples were analyzed through physical and chemical parameters. The result of the water analyzes was compared to the maximum allowed value established (VMP) by CONAMA Resolution No. 357 of 2005, class III, for milk analysis, they were compared to Normative Instruction No. 77, of November 26, 2018, and Soil attributes to the Liming and Fertilization Manual for the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (2016). To relate the values obtained for the water and soil parameters to the quality of in natura milk, inferential statistics (t test and correlation) were used. The results showed that, for water, 36.11% (13 rural properties) of the 36 samples analyzed in the winter and summer period complied with the current legislation. For the analysis of milk, 2.77% (a rural property) of the 36 samples analyzed in the winter and summer period met the current legislation. For soil attributes, the value analyzes were based on the liming and fertilization manual of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) (2016), verifying the conformity of values for each analyzed parameter. For soil attributes, adequate values were observed for the parameter calcium in 13.88% of the samples, in 5.55% for sulfur, in 41.66% for magnesium, in 50% for phosphorus and in 2, 77% for potassium. The nitrogen and aluminum parameters were within the expected values, manganese, copper and zinc showed changes in values, presenting high or very high results. Statistical tests did not significantly indicate that animal drinking water and soil attributes are directly related to the quality of in natura milk. Despite this, the evidence of environmental degradation, found in loco, indicates that it is important to implement programs aimed at improving the quality of milk, such as the financial bonus, which has an impact on the producer, being an effective tool to improve the values of some parameters analyzed. Another alternative would be the payment for environmental services, which would aim to financially reward rural producers who committed to conserving their property.