Avaliação de materiais de mudança de fase em uma habitação com fechamentos leves nas Zonas Bioclimáticas 1, 2 e 3 com base em algoritmos evolutivos multiobjetivo

Abstract

Among the problems of national civil construction, there is the need for mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of the temperature of indoor environments in situations with low levels of thermal capacity in the composition of their enclosures, especially in the case of light constructions. As one of the technologies to overcome this situation, the Phase Change Materials (or Phase Change Materials - PCM), are being used in the composition of building envelopes in different climatic contexts around the world. The use of PCM as a latent heat store makes its phase change process act based on the temperature conditions to which this material is exposed. Elevated temperatures cause the material to enter the melting phase, storing latent heat as it liquefies. Low temperatures cause the material to enter the freezing phase, releasing latent heat into the environments as it solidifies. This work presents a review of PCM technologies for application in civil construction, together with an analysis of the use of one of these technologies in a housing with light composition for Bioclimatic Zones 1, 2 and 3. To choose the best combinations of PCM applied in the building, evolutionary energy simulations were used with the combination of the EnergyPlus and the NSGA-II evolutionary algorithm. The results identified from the application of optimized PCMs show that the use of this constructive component on the internal faces of the external walls and/or roof contributes to the reduction of energy demands for heating and cooling in the dwelling of the three bioclimatic zones, even in thermally insulated envelopes.