A botânica nos impressos de educação e ensino primário gaúcho nos anos de 1951 a 1971

Abstract

This research aims to identify and classify the themes of Botany in the Natural Sciences found in the Journal of Teaching of Rio Grande do Sul and to go with the forms of education and primary education between 1951 and 1971. The time frame is marked by the availability of the materials researched and the strong presence of Botany in this period, and, with the final time frame in 1971, from the changes in primary and junior high school that are now called 1st grade education with Law 5692. The main source of this research, 132 Teaching Journals of Rio Grande do Sul were researched, which are safeguarded in the Centro de memória e pesquisa História da Alfabetização, Leitura, Escrita e dos Livros Escolares (Hisales), the Faculty of Education of the Federal University of Pelotas and digitally in the Repositório Digital Tatu of the Federal University of Pampa. The Journals of Teaching/RS were compared with other education and teaching forms produced in rs during the same period: the Bulletins of the Center for Research and Educational Orientations (CPOE), the murals, supplement of the Magazines, textbooks of Rio Grande do Sul and the book A Escola Primária Rural (1957), by the author Ruth Ivoty Torres da Silva. The theoretical methodological contribution used in the research is based on Bacellar (2020) and Tania de Luca (2015, 2020), the documentary research and pedagogical forms supported by Adriano (2018) and Gervasio (2019, 2021). In the field of School Culture, the authors who supported the reflections were: Vinão Frago (1995), Dominique Julia (2001), Mogarro (2005), Vidal (2005, 2017), Escolano Benito (2017), Monks (2019), and for School Material Culture, authors such as Souza (1998), Veiga (2000), Lawn and Grosvenor (2001), Escolano Benito (2010), Peres & Souza (2011), Vidal (2017), Michel, Peres (2019) and Monks (2019). To present the results, classifications were created to organize the themes of Botany identified in the empirical materials, which soon after, were problematized in four classifications of the botany area: taxonomy, morphology, physiology and ecology, comizing with the other sources of this research. The research shows that Botany was present in the education and teaching forms of Rio Grande do Sul from the Natural Sciences, in the period studied. This presence of Botany does not appear with the name of the classifications, but was constituted in the materials based on suggestions of activities for working with children (manual works, texts for the study of certain plants, observations and experiences, etc.), with the murals for use in classrooms, textbooks for the study of plants, informative texts and reports of the Rural Education Bulletins, as well as in the book A Escola Primária Rural of Ruth Ivoty.