Relatividade das propriedades da luz na incidência angular

Abstract

An analysis of the consistency of the Abraham and Minkowski momenta in the determination of the photon trajectory was carried out considering a new principle of conservation of the photon's mechanical energy, in which the photon conserves translational energy in orbital angular momentum when transiting between two media, introducing the relativistic energy wave (REW). The confrontation between REW and the recent theory of space-time waves (ST) was considered, pondering their differences. Throughout this study it was possible to verify that the Abraham momentum appears as photon relativistic ignition device in the transition between two media, acting as the hidden momentum of the Minkowski’s relativistic momentum. The wavy behavior in the matter is relativistic, and the relativistic trajectory appears with delays and advances, with points of synchronization between source-observer. The classical or relativistic trajectories are determined as a function of the angle of incidence and the relative refractive index, by one of two distinct non-additive torques, the classic by Abraham or the relativistic by Minkowski. It was found that the same analysis conducted under the principle of conservation of the mechanical energy of the photon can be treated by an new Doppler, Relativistic Apparent, that can be confused with other Dopplers in the treatment of redshift from distant sources. It was found that the conservation of energy in Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), in the interaction with matter, explains that the synchronization instants are found in the inversion of the OAM, where the advances and delays of REW occur under negligible variations of the OAM, however, opposites. The effects of photon inertia on the determination of its trajectory were verified and the representation of a displacement mass characterized by the flow of the number of wavefronts and the decomposition of photon inertia into parts associated with translation and rotation motions was considered. It was found that the classical inertia is predominant in the angular range of incidence of greater resistance to changes in the photon directional properties, inhibiting the relativistic trajectory determined by the Minkowski torque. In the synchronizations, the alternation of predominance from classical to relativistic inertia takes place, where the relativistic trajectory is allowed while the photon offers less resistance to changes in its directional properties. In the alternation of predominances, under the effect of the second torque, the inversion of the OAM elapses. The classical-relativistic variability of the photon inertia characterizes the classical or relativistic profile of the energy distribution in forms of motion, where adjustments of the rotational and translational parts can be performed as a function of the refractive index rate, temperature and angle of incidence. It was found that with increasing temperature of the refringent medium, the synchronization displacements in the sense of the normal incidence. A specific vacuum temperature for the refringent medium was characterized, where the photon exhibits a classicalrelativistic synchronization under all angles of incidence, characteristic of its immaterial state in vacuum.