Qualidade da dieta de pacientes com doença cardiovascular no município de Pelotas (RS), Brasil

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in Brazil and worldwide. Among the main modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are poor dietary habits, such as high intake of saturated fats and sodium. Thus, it is important to analyze the quality of feeding of this population for secondary prevention of these events. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of the diet of individuals with cardiovascular diseases. This is a crosssectional study, nested in a multicenter national randomized clinical trial, in which 80 patients belonging to the collaborating center of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were evaluated, aged 45 years or more. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and sociodemographic variables were collected. The quality of the diet was evaluated by the Diet Quality Index Revised, based on the 24h recall analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Stata 12.1® program. The majority of the sample was male, more than sixty years old, belonging to social class C, with education until elementary school, former smokers and were overweight. Regarding diet quality, the overall mean score was 56.70 ± 12.56 points. The components with the lowest mean contribution to the IQD-R total score were "whole grains", "dark green and orange vegetables and legumes", "whole fruits" and "total fruits". Patients who presented higher quality scores of the diet were diabetics (p = 0.014) and those who used hypoglycemic agents (p = 0.029). The results point to the need for a greater attention in the quality of the diet of individuals with cardiovascular diseases, especially with regard to the ingestion of vegetables, fruits and whole grains.