Avaliação de genótipos e cruzamentos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) quanto à resposta a cultura de anteras e estresse por ferro

Abstract

The anther culture of rice is a technique used to obtain haploid plants. This technique is useful in plant breeding because it enables breeders to obtain fully homozygous plants in one generation. Thus, important and recessive features are expressed without the need to conduct a population through several generations of selfing. Rice, cereal of great economic and social importance, when under flooding conditions may face iron toxicity. That can cause high losses in the rice crop productivity. Through crosses between genotypes with contrasting tolerance to iron and to obtain a double haploid population, it is possible to study the mechanisms involved in the toxicity of iron to rice plants. The objective of this work was to develop a double-haploid population of rice from the F1 and F2 generations from the cross between genotypes Nipponbare x BRS Atalanta and BRS Firmeza x Epagri 107. Three different culture media: N6 (2.4 D, Kinetin and Picloran), NL (2.4 D, Picloran and Kinetin) and NL (NAA and Kinetin) were tested. Three experiments were conducted. The first testing the three culture media in Nipponbare x BRS Atalanta and BRS Firmeza x EPAGRI 107. In the second, the response to anther culture with genotypes Nipponbare and BRS Atalanta on regeneration medium NL (NAA and Kinetin). The third experiment consisted of F1 of the cross Nipponbare x BRS Atalanta with the culture medium NL (NAA and Kinetin). The study focused on the influence of different sources and concentrations of iron in culture medium for in vitro cultivation of rice. The sources used were ferric EDTA and ferric sulphate in concentrations of 0.9 mM, 4.5 mM and 9.0 mM. The results obtained in double-haploid plants were more expressive in the first experiment with the 1 culture medium, where the regeneration of green plants had an efficiency rate of 0,11%. The callus induction and regeneration of green plants and albino was greater in the cross Nipponbare x BRS Atalanta. The sources and concentrations of iron tested cultivars Nipponbare and BRS Atalanta genotype showed significant differences in all variables, being the variable shoot length the one presenting the most significant differences.