Propagação de porta-enxertos de pessegueiro por miniestacas herbáceas

Abstract

The modern horticulture is based on the use of rootstocks that allow growing most of the cultivars in different climates and regions. However, there are few options of available rootstocks and researches are relatively recent. The use of sexually propagated rootstocks is one of the main problems that the peach crop shows in Brazil, concerning the lack of plant homogeneity which affects orchard yields. In order to solve the heterogeneity problem clonal propagation has been a promising alternative to produce homogenous plants with low costs, speed in the plant production process and maintenance of important agronomical characteristics. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the technical viability of the propagation of peach rootstocks (Capdeboscq, Aldrighi, Nemared, Nemaguard, Flordaguard and Okinawa) by herbaceous minicuttings. Also, it was tested different concentrations of IBA and substrates to improve rooting rates. The work consisted of three experiments with different evaluations: 1) the effect of four concentrations of IBA (0, 1.000, 2.000 or 3.000 mg L-1) on rooting of herbaceous minicuttings of five peach rootstocks (Capdeboscq, Aldrighi, Nemared, Nemaguard and Flordaguard); 2) the rooting of herbaceous minicuttings of three peach rootstocks (Nemared, Flordaguard and Okinawa) with 2.000 mg L-1 of IBA and different substrates (medium grade vermiculite; medium grade vermiculite + sand and sphagnum peat); 3) the influence of four concentrations of IBA (0, 1.000, 2.000 or 3.000 mg L-1) on rooting of herbaceous minicuttings of three peach rootstocks (Nemared, Flordaguard and Okinawa). The experiments were carried out under controlled temperature in greenhouse at the Departamento de Fitotecnia (FAEM/UFPel/RS), from December 2009 to January 2010. After rooting period, it was observed a higher percentage of rooting in the cv. Capdeboscq (74%) when using 2.000 and 3.000mg L-1 of IBA at 60 days. Up to 55 days, the cv. Okinawa showed 81% of rooting in vermiculite. 10 Regarding to the influence of IBA (0, 1.000, 2.000 and 3.000 mg L-1) on rooting of the cvs. Nemared, Flordaguard and Okinawa, it was observed that up to 45 days the cv. Nemared showed 66% of rooting whether using the concentration 1.000mg. L-1.