Tendências e desigualdades na ocorrência de excesso de peso, obesidade e consumo de frutas e hortaliças no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos entre 2007 e 2019

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze trends and inequalities in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and fruit and vegetable consumption in Brazil and the United States between 2007 and 2019. An analytical, time-series study was conducted using secondary data from the Vigitel (Brazil) and BRFSS (USA) telephone surveys. The sample included adults with data on weight, height, and dietary consumption. Trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and regular fruit and vegetable consumption between 2007 and 2019 were analyzed using Prais-Winsten regression models. Socioeconomic and regional inequalities in these prevalences were assessed using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Concentration Index (CIX). The results revealed a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in both countries, with a more pronounced upward trend in Brazil. In the USA, prevalence rates were consistently higher but showed slower growth. No upward trend in regular fruit and vegetable consumption was observed in either country. Inequalities persisted throughout the study period in both Brazil and the USA, with higher fruit and vegetable consumption more common among individuals with higher levels of education, particularly women, and residents of more developed regions. The study concluded that socioeconomic and regional inequalities continue to influence the risk factors for NCDs analyzed, emphasizing the need for public policies that promote healthy eating and adequate nutritional status. These policies are essential for addressing the growing impact of NCDs.