Envelhecer das mulheres que vivem em área rural a partir de suas trajetórias de vida

Abstract

This study aimed to understand the aging process of women living in rural areas through their life trajectories. It is a qualitative study grounded in the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism, as discussed by sociologist Joel M. Charon. Data collection occurred at Street Markets and at the Rural Workers’ Union of Pelotas, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with 10 women aged 60 or older from different rural locations. The participants were purposefully selected between May and June 2024. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded and manually transcribed. Data analysis followed the constant comparative method, using the constructivist paradigm coding approach of Kathleen Marian Charmaz. For women living in rural areas, aging is a complex process marked by physical ailments and limitations but also by the desire to remain active and productive. This phase involves (re)learning and (co)existing with new challenges while recognizing the wisdom acquired over the years. Social interactions involving work, family, neighbors, and the community, along with the acceptance of transformations and the confrontation of difficulties, are essential for giving meaning to life and maintaining quality and satisfaction in old age. Moreover, the social networks among these women, formed through interactions with neighbors and participation in women's church groups, not only strengthen social bonds but also (re)affirm their roles and identities, fostering resilience and empowerment. Community events and activities play a crucial role in physical, mental, and emotional health, providing moments of entertainment and interaction. By incorporating social and community practices into healthcare practices, nursing not only improves the quality of life for these women but also contributes to a more competent and humane public health system. Understanding aging from the perspective of symbolic interactionism offers guidelines for health practices, particularly in Primary Health Care. Recognizing the different interpretations of this process is crucial for planning actions, programs, and public policies that value the experiences of women and address their specific expectations and needs.