Análise das tecnologias de rastreabilidade aplicadas à indústria de oliveiras no sul do Brasil

Abstract

Olive farming in Rio Grande do Sul has been a reference for other Brazilian states in recent years. In fact, according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Olive Farming, approximately 75% of the country's olive oil production currently comes from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply points out that olive oil, due to its high added value, is the second most fraudulent product in the world, second only to fish. Therefore, ongoing research in this segment is essential. In light of this, the topic of traceability has been gaining increasing ground in the country in recent years. Traceability consists of monitoring food throughout the entire production chain in order to help maintain its quality and safety. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of traceability techniques as a practice in combating fraud cases and promoting the sustainable development of olive oil from Rio Grande do Sul. The methodological approach initially occurred through a survey of the state of the art of traceability technologies, before carrying out a Systematic Literature Review via the PRISMA 2020 research protocol. Soon after, two closed questionnaires were applied (demographic and opinion with a 5-point Likert) where the traceability technologies used by managers were compared with the recommendations of the literature in the area, identifying technological bottlenecks. The demographic/qualitative variables were subjected to the application of descriptive statistics, with the aid of SPSS v.26, while the managers' opinion data were loaded and also analyzed with the same software, calculating the statistical Chi-Square to verify the existence of an association between the issues covered by the constructs, and, in the case of association, the measurement of intensity via Phi coefficient and Spearman's Correlation. For this, a sample of nine oil mills in the state of RS was used. This analysis served as the basis for proposing a theoretical framework, which explained the influence of each variable on managers' decision-making in the adoption of traceability technologies, as well as the impact of this adoption on fraud mitigation and the sustainable development of oil mills, validating three of the eight previously stipulated hypotheses.