Avaliação do risco cardiovascular em uma amostra de pacientes com diabetes tipo 2, de acordo com o tempo de diagnóstico

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus affects approximately 589 million people worldwide, with Brazil ranking as the sixth country with the highest number of cases. Individuals with diabetes have approximately twice the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to those without the condition, making it the leading cause of mortality in this population and a major factor in reduced life expectancy. In this context, anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), and body fat percentage (BFP) are relevant tools for assessing cardiovascular risk, as they are associated with common metabolic alterations in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the association between the time since diagnosis of T2DM and cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of outpatients. A crosssectional study was conducted with adult and elderly patients of both sexes, with T2DM, followed at a Nutrition outpatient clinic. The sample included 221 individuals with T2DM. Variables analyzed included: time since diagnosis, body mass index, waist circumference, neck circumference, body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage, and dietary practices. Statistical analyses included tests for normality, associations between variables, variance, and correlation, with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). An association was observed between waist circumference and time since diagnosis of T2DM (p = 0.0353), as well as between BMI and time since diagnosis of T2DM (p = 0.0159). Age, BMI in adults, prior nutritional counseling, and dietary practices were also associated with the duration of diabetes. Positive correlations were found between waist circumference and neck circumference (r = 0.5890; p < 0.0001), waist circumference and BMI (r = 0.8794; p < 0.0001), neck circumference and BMI (r = 0.4487; p < 0.0001), waist circumference and body fat percentage (r = 0.5851; p < 0.0001), and BMI and body fat percentage (r = 0.7159; p < 0.0001). An inverse correlation was found between BMI and muscle mass percentage (r = -0.5988; p < 0.001). Patients with a longer duration of diabetes showed better dietary practices as well as more favorable anthropometric indicators related to cardiovascular risk. However, despite being improved compared to other groups, these measures remained above ideal values.