Indicadores de qualidade do solo na região da campanha do Rio Grande do Sul, sob sistemas de pastoreio Contínuo e Voisin.

Abstract

The campaign region of Rio Grande do Sul is characterized by having as historical production matrix beef cattle, with the figure of the family farmer who has low productivity of livestock farming their main livelihood. The soil is the production base for agricultural activities, and must be located mechanisms that lead to improvement of its natural properties. This work was conducted on soil covered by grassland belonging to the pampa biome aiming to test the effect of two grazing systems with cattle, continuous and rotational grazing Voisin, improving fertility conditions of soil, its chemical and biological characteristics in populations mites and springtails and the preservation of natural environmental conditions. This experiment was conducted by the Rural Campus of the University of the Campaign Region, Campus Bagé-RS. The work involved the use of two treatments, represented by natural pasture in cattle grazing using the grazing system Voisin and continuous grazing system over a period of three years. The experimental design was a randomized block with repeats. Variables were producing manure, pH, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, organic carbon, C/N, the population survey mesofauna (mites, springtails and their relations). Analysis of the data suggests that Voisin grazing on continuous allows: increase the 9 distribution of bovine stools per pasture surface unit; increasing the pH of soil and CTC; decrease the contents of Al and H+Al from the second year; increase from the second year organic matter, potassium, calcium and magnesium, and phosphorus from the third; increase the content of nitrogen and organic carbon; reduce the carbon/nitrogen ratio; more than double the communities of mites and springtails. Both grazing systems do not substantially alter the diversity indices, uniformity and similarity of populations of mites and springtails. It was observed that phosphorous, potassium, calcium and organic matter had increased where large populations of soil organisms found in these conditions Voisin grazing system. It was concluded that the Voisin grazing system is a tool to improve soil chemical and biological attributes favoring the family farmer