O jogo com regras explícitas pode ser um instrumento para o sucesso de estudantes com história de fracasso escolar

Abstract

This research aims, based on the ideas of Lev Semenovich Vygotsky, Leontiev and Alexis N. Daniil B. Elkonin (affiliated authors to the Historic-Cultural Psychology ), investigate if the game with explicit rules, in the context of individualized interventions, can: 1) be a tool for success in students of 3rd and 4th year of primary school who have history of school failure; 2) influence the development of higher mental functions (HMF), such as perception, attention, memory, reasoning and resumption of awareness. The game with rules, as a way for modification of the history of school failure, has been understudied in historical and cultural perspective. Most researches that are based on this theory, investigates the game in preschool. The research that supports this thesis was qualitative in nature and was based on interventions structured in three stages: initial and final evaluation with the students, mothers and teachers and interventions through the game "Memory", "face to face" and "checkers". Was performed with three students with a history of repetition, two 11 years and 9 years old, male and female. The interventions were conducted at schools where students study, during school hours, in placeholder. The instruments used to collect data from the HMS worked and school performance of subjects were semi-structured interviews, document analysis (academic transcripts and academic bulletin), observation, understanding, digits, similarities, arithmetic, picture completion and the Wechsler intelligence Scale for Children – WISC – III. The application of the tests occurred in a assisted manner, that is, supported with quantitative evaluation (trial and error), semi-structured interviews, document analysis (transcript and academic bulletin) and observation. The record of the actions, the words and observations of interventions was performed in the field diary, as well as recorded. The analysis and data interpretation were performed using microgenetic method and analysis of thematic content. All analyzes suffered triangulation process. The HMF (perception, attention, memory, reasoning and awareness) and academic performance of the subjects were settled into the theoretical categories and, as an emerging category, was considered the formation of subjectivity of the subject (especially in relation to self regarding school performance and self-esteem). The results indicated that the interventions were successful. The learning that occurred in interventions with games and researcher mediation has promoted the development of FPS and this was reflected in the academic performance of students: they were approved for the following series. It was also perceived effects on self-concept on the academic performance and selfesteem of the subjects, which raised changes in your interpersonal relationships and self care.