Influência da ingestão calórica no peso e na composição corporal de mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à quimioterapia

Abstract

Introduction: Women with breast cancer under chemotherapy experience changes in weight and body composition, occurring mainly gains of weight and fat mass. This study aimed to investigate the influence of food intake on weight and body composition in women with breast cancer submitted to chemotherapy. Methods: The study had a prospective longitudinal design. Data collection was performed at the Oncology Hospital Service of Federal University of Pelotas and Chemotherapy Service of Radiotherapy and Oncology Center of Santa Casa. Women with primary breast cancer, with age above 18 years, with 0 to IV stage, who started antineoplastic first-line treatment, were selected for the study. Data collection was conducted in five stages: at the oncologist consultation, and at the first, second, fourth and sixth chemotherapy cycles. At the oncologist consultation informations on the age, education, socioeconomic status (ABEP) and skin color were obtained. Information on the type of chemotherapy protocol, the clinical stage, the stage of menopause and the level of physical activity (IPAQ) were measured in the first cycle of chemotherapy. The weight and body composition were measured in the first, fourth and sixth cycle of chemotherapy. Food consumption was investigated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (Ribeiro and Cardoso 2002) in the second, fourth and sixth cycle. To obtain the weight and body composition data, the bioelectrical impedance analysis technology (BIA) was used. Results: A total of 100 women were evaluated. It was observed that women increased on average 0.4 kg (SD 2.2) during the treatment. There was a decrease of 0.2 kg/m2 (SD 0.9) in Fat Mass Index (IMG) and increase of 0.3kg / m2 (SD 0.8) in Fat Free Mass Index (IMLG). During treatment, the average caloric intake was 2032kcal, having a negative variation of 92kcal. The caloric consumption was directly associated with an irrelevant increase of IMLG. Conclusion: Women with breast cancer who maintain a constant energy intake during chemotherapy do not show important changes in weight and body composition.