Associação de fatores dietéticos com fatores prognósticos em pacientes com doença aterosclerótica manifesta

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide. Once cardiovascular clinical outcome hás occurred, secondary prevention is fundamental in these patients. The objective of this study was to compare dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and minerals with proposed daily intake recommendations and also to analyze possible associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and anthropometric and biochemical variables in patients with established atherosclerosis in Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE Program). A cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data of a randomized clinical Trial referring to the first visit of all patients included in project. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and dietary variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed in GraphPad® Prism 5. The sample consisted of 2,172 patients, most of them male (58.5%), elderly (63.6%) from C economic level (57.3%), with elementary school (45.8%), sedentary (65.8%), overweight (62.7%) and treated coronary artery disease (69.0%). The dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and minerals has been inadequate, with the exception of vitamin C that has been adequate in men and women and zinc in women. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with higher values of body mass index (p = 0.029), waist circumference (p = 0.004) and triglycerides (p = 0.023). These results emphasize the need for nutritional intervention, especially on consumption of these nutrients and the advice to avoid consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, in order to prevent occurrence of new cardiovascular event.