Caracteres morfológicos e agronômicos de plantas e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de quinoa

Abstract

Quinoa is a plant of the Chenopodiacea family, domesticated by the Andean peoples for thousands of years. It is an annual grain crop, known as pseudocereal due to its similarity to the composition of cereal grains. Its seeds are consumed worldwide due to their nutritional properties, currently presenting high demand. In this way culture is presented as an important alternative for crop diversification and income generation for small farmers. Currently its consumption and production are widespread around the world. In Brazil, its introduction is recent, being the first studies developed in the central region of Brazil. Due to the promising nutraceutical food market, the production of this pseudocereal is of great importance. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the influence of the environmental conditions on the morphological and agronomic traits and the physiological quality of the seeds. In order to do this, the analysis of crop growth , The agronomic and morphological characters of the crop were obtained and a test was performed to determine vigor by quantifying the ethanol emission by the seeds. Through the growth curve and analysis of the quality of the seed produced, it was evidenced that there is no significant difference between the Brazilian cultivar and the access of Andean origin, this fact demonstrating the adaptability of the crop in the region. Through the study of morphological and agronomic characters, it was observed that the use of a formula adapted to calculate potential production is feasible for the crop, and there is a marked variability among the studied genotypes. The study of the morphological characters indicates that it is possible to differentiate the quinoa genotypes, especially taking into account the number of teeth in the leaf, but great genetic variability was observed within the same cultivar. Through the study of the ethanol metabolism, it was observed a significant relationship between its production and the level of seed vigor, thus using adapted methodology, it was possible to differentiate by the ethanol production lots of quinoa seeds with different levels of vigor, thus proving The efficiency of the test.