Avaliação ecotoxicológica da cinza de casca de arroz

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa, L.) is the second most consumed food in the world, and when being benefited it produces the husk, which corresponds to ±23% of the rice grain weight. Its use as a source of renewable energy has increased in the last decades and, consequently, the generation of rice husk ash, which accounts for ± 4% of the rice grain weight as husk. Although the incorporation of the RHA (CCA) to the ground is considered environmentally favorable, in practice, it is placed near crops or in landfills, being exposed to the actions of climate factors, responsible for promoting its spread and causing not desirable environmental impact on ecosystems, besides the risks to human health. In this scenario, the project has the objective to evaluate the RHA ecotoxicological power from three different types of burn, using the analysis of RHA physic and chemical constituents, the germination index, and as variables answers the bioindicators Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce), Allium cepa (onion), and Brassica oleracea (cabbage), to qualify the phytotoxicity and Allium cepa L. to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The results evidenced that the ashes of the different processes presented in their composition elements with different concentrations, contents and indices that make them different from each other. In the evaluation of the phytotoxic action of the independent variables Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Ti, moisture, organic matter and pH on the lettuce, onion and cabbage bioindicators there was a significant reduction of the germination index of the lettuce (63.66%), onion (30.87%) and cabbage (37.55%), in the treatment of process II, which showed a correlation of significant positive cause and effect of Cu via organic matter and pH, suggesting that among other factors , due to the higher concentration of Cu and the lower values of organic matter and pH present in process II in comparison with processes I and III. In the evaluation of the cytotoxicological test Allium cepa L., an inhibition of the mitotic index in process II was observed in the comparison with the control treatment of the order of 35.5%, due to the effect of Al on a synergistic action with Cu. The results of genotoxicity investigations were not significant, showing that there are not substances with toxic power capable to interfere the genetic material. It was concluded that the RHA of process II presented bioactive characteristics with phytotoxic effect on lettuce, onion and cabbage, and cytotoxic on onion. The results can contribute to the comprehension of interaction