Adubação nitrogenada via fertirrigação em arroz irrigado por aspersão.

Abstract

Topdressing nitrogen fertilization through sprinkler irrigated rice in Brazil is a relatively new subject and results are still very scarce.This study had the objective of evaluating the response of sprinkler irrigated rice to topdressing nitrogen fertilization, applied through irrigation water, aiming the establishment of the management for this production system. The study was carried out with BRS Pampa irrigated rice cultivar in a Typic Albaqualf at Embrapa Clima Temperado, situated in the city of Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Three experiments were conducted in 2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 harvest seasons. For the irrigation management, seven Watermark soil water sensors and a temperature sensor, connected to a datalogger, were installed in the soil depth of 10 cm. The adopted irrigation management was based on the value of 20 kPa of soil water tension, for the 2012/2013 harvest season and 10 kPa, for the other two harvest seasons. In the 2012/2013 harvest season, nitrogen (N) management evaluated for sprinkler irrigated rice, included variations in doses of N (treatments of 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg ha-1), in fractioning of N and in N application time. The treatments were arranged in the design of randomized blocks with four replications. The level of N in the plant, grain yield, yield components and the N accumulation in the shoots of the rice were evaluated in each treatment. The more contrasting N treatments of the 2012/2013 harvest season were validated in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 harvest seasons using the fertigation technique. The selected treatments were arranged in a strip design with seven replicates. A soil solution extractor was installed close to each soil water tension sensor for monitoring nitrate and ammonium concentrations in soil solution. The effect of treatments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 harvest seasons was assessed by measuring the level of N in the plant, the grain yield, the efficiency of the use of N fertilizer by rice crop, and by the march of accumulation of dry matter and N in the shoots of the plant. It was concluded that: i) the nitrogen fertigation, by allowing higher parceling of nitrogen, increases the grain yield of sprinkler irrigated rice compared to the conventional N fertilization applied in the soil, when the irrigation management is based on the soil water tension of 10 kPa; ii) in the sprinkler irrigated rice, the nitrogen application by the fertigation technique, parceled on six applications, provides higher agronomic efficiency of N as compared to the conventional fertilization management, where the N topdressing was parceled on two applications into the soil; iii) in the cultivation of sprinkler irrigated rice, the N rate of 100 kg ha-1 is of maximum economical efficiency, when applied by fertigation in topdressing and parceled on six applications.