Disponibilidade da radiação solar e eficiência de cultivos consorciados de milho safrinha e feijão.

Abstract

The intercropping consortium is a common practice in many Brazilian family farms, the maize and beans consortium is the most common in Brazil, being used to improve the use of the property cultivation area, and it is necessary to search for new strategies to improve the efficiency of this cropping system. Evaluations of intercropping systems are restricted only to the use of efficient land use (UET) and agronomic crop yield analyzes. There fore, it is justified the use of other parameters to analyze the components that interfere in the consortium system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficient use of land and the biological performance of intercropped systems of maize and beans, and to verify the arrangement of intercropping plants of corn and beans, efficient in the use of incoming solar radiation and productivity. Two maize cultivars from the CPACT (Tupi Laranja) and (BRS Missões) collection and the BRS Expedito bean cultivar were evaluated, which were analyzed in monoculture and intercropping in three plant arrangements, totaling nine treatments in the block design at random, with four replicates. Each plot measured 5.60 m long by 4.80 m wide. For the evaluation of the components of crop production and yield, the plants of two plot lines were harvested for each crop. The variables grain yield (kg ha-1), number of ears, grain / spike and weight of 100 grains were determined for maize, and for grain yield (kg ha-1), number of grains per pod, number pods per plant, number of pods pods and weight of 100 grains. To measure the incident solar radiation, solarimeters were installed in each consortium system, the distance of 1.00 m above the canopy of the bean crop. The solar radiation data were stored in a data acquisition system installed in the experimental area. Subsequently the data were collected, grouped, analyzed and interpreted. The treatments with greater spacing (3F: 2M) among maize plants provided greater penetration of solar radiation for bean cultivation. Bean populations in treatment 1 (1F: 1M) did not interfere in the amount of solar radiation available for maize or in their productivity.