Tratores para agricultura familiar: proposta de um modelo multicritério de avaliação considerando os requisitos de ergonomia e segurança

Abstract

Brazil has a comprehensive number of technical standards and legislation for the agricultural machinery and equipment sector, with the objective of guaranteeing product standardization and promoting the health and safety of users. In this sense, it is necessary to seek understanding of how the agricultural tractor is being manufactured from this system of quality assurance. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the adequacy of the tractors acquired by small-holders according to the requirements of the legislation with a focus on ergonomics and safety. In order to obtain a better understanding of the analyzed problem and to allow generation of a greater number of ergonomics and safety items to be evaluated, the Constructivist Methodology Multi-criteria Decision Support (MCDA-C) was used. The procedures adopted in the application of the methodology were: documentary and bibliographical research on the legislation applied to agricultural tractors and interviews with specialists from NIMEq (Nucleus of Innovation in Agricultural Machinery and Equipment) of UFPel. The multicriterial methodology generated two evaluation models, one for ergonomics and another for safety, with those modes established, data was collected in the region where the field research was carried out. Safety results indicate compliance with the requirements with indexes between 66.5 and 88.4, and for ergonomics from 43.8 to 87.5, depending on the model and brand of the evaluated tractor. In ergonomics and safety, the higher the power of the tractor, the higher the level of service to the requirements. For safety, more requirements were met, resulting in better indexes, demonstrating that tractor manufacturers are more attentive to safety than ergonomics.