Paraoxonase 1: análise da influência da qualidade da dieta, fatores genético e bioquímicos em crianças

Abstract

Introduction: The poor food quality and overweight in infancy result in negative short and long-term health influence, mainly because they are risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The enzyme Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) circulates in association with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and is responsible for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, avoiding the formation of endothelial damage and CVD. Objective: to investigate the influence of food quality, nutritional status and genetic polymorphism PON1 C (107) T on the activity of the antiatherogenic enzyme PON1. Methods: a crosssectional study with children between 5 and 8 years of age, of both sexes, from the pediatric clinic in the Medical Scholl of the Federal University of Pelotas. Sociodemographic variables and food consumption, weight, height and waist circumference were collected and blood samples were obtained. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated in kg/m2 and z-score. The PON1 arilesterase activity was measured by the rate of phenol formation (U/L) using phenylacetate as substrate. The PON1 C (-107) T polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent amplification. Statistical analyzes were performed using one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression, with the level of significance adopted being p <0.05. Results: the frequency of CT, TT and CC alleles was 54.6%, 14.4% and 30.9%, respectively. The highest activity of PON1 was significantly associated with the CC allele. In the unadjusted and adjusted analyzes the association between PON1 and polymorphisms was significant. The inclusion of the frequency of food consumption and z-score of BMI increased by 11.2% the variability of the enzyme. The largest change in the beta coefficient occurred with foods of good nutritional quality. Conclusion: a good food quality of feeding was important to predict the activity of the cardioprotective enzyme PON1 associated to the C (-107) T polymorphism in infancy.