O comércio em cidades de fronteira entre Brasil e Uruguai : identificando padrões nos tecidos intraurbanos de Aceguá/Acegua, Chuí/Chuy e Sant'ana do Livramento/Rivera.

Abstract

The border cities between Brazil and Uruguay should be located in their urban communities as if they were a single city, but they are administered independently, according to the limit between these two countries. This phenomenon has an important part in the formation of these city, establishing interdependencies that allow joint or separate analysis of each city. This dissertation studies the meshes of Aceguá, Chuí and Sant'Ana do Livramento, which are spatially contiguous to Acegua, Chuy and Rivera respectively, constituting the so called dry borders, where the boundaries between the cities are not defined by river banks. The point is that in the intra-urban structure the location of commercial establishments happens with influence of the urban morphology of cities considered together or are managed by internal logics of each city, separately in Brazil and Uruguay. Common shops and duty-free shops were mapped and sorted according to their size: small, medium and large. After that they were transformed to a program with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and compared to a morphological measure of centrality - the potential of each open space to attract the presence of people -, which was built in three scenarios: a) the two cities together; b) only the Brazilian city; c) only the Uruguayan city. The traffic surveys that were used as research control helped to set the models built in the Urban Metrics® program and legitimized the results for the centrality. Finally, the comparison of the locations of the establishments with the measure of centrality was made through mathematical correlation, indicating which of them are managed by joint or separate logics. So, the studies showed that tax-free establishments are the most influenced by the set of cities and are located in the most central roads of the Uruguayan side. The large establishments are also more influenced by the group of cities and they are located in the most central ways, but many of them are also found in the borders of the meshes for demanding larger lands. The midsize ones are located in the largest center of the separate cities. And the small ones present divergent behaviors, being located in the low centralities of the separated cities but also in high of the continuous cities. These results suggest that tax-free establishments intend to have proximity to the highest potential of gathering, that the other large public places intend to serve both cities, that the medium-sized ones are focused on the city in which they are inserted and the small establishments are pulverized throughout the cities reaching the remaining markets with necessities items and also concentrate, taking advantage to the flow of other establishments.