Políticas globais para a educação infantil: análise da regulamentação e efetividade das políticas para crianças de zero a três anos no município de Pelotas/RS.

Abstract

The expansion of early childhood education is undoubtedly crucial for the implementation of policies that aimed the right to education. The educational achievements for children from 0 to 5 years have always expanded in constant debate, confrontation and interests that have sometimes been configured by advances and other times by stagnation. This research seeks to analyze the effectiveness of national policies for the first stage of early childhood education (0 to 3 years of age) in the city of Pelotas/RS, considering the possible implications of Constitutional Amendment nº 59/2009 in attending this population. A summary of historical, political and social issues in the context of early childhood education was done, especially in daycare and on the right to education of young children and their families, mostly from Constitution of Brazil from 1988, the Law nº 8.069/1990 and Brazilian Educational Laws and Guideline from 1996. A qualitative research approach was adopted in the critical perspective and for the analysis of the data the methodology of Content Analysis (AC) was adopted. Bibliographic and documentary researches were applied as technical procedures. Political and legal planning was related to education, semi-structured interviews applied to municipal network managers (SMED), representatives of the Municipal Council of Education (CME) and quantitative data collected through population and school censuses, looking for the links between politics and action. It was found that Brazil is far from reaching the universalization of early childhood education, especially in the nursery stage (0 to 3 years), meeting the quality criteria. In this way, the reality evidenced in the municipality of Pelotas coincides with the national indicators, which makes it difficult for young children to reach their full right to education. It should be highlighted that there has been an improvement in the indicators for filling vacancies in the South (RS, SC, PR) in the last decades, but inequalities still persist. Foremost, the great challenge of the municipality of Pelotas/RS rests on the care of babies (0 to 3 years old) as a social commitment of public responsibility.