Parâmetros químicos de azeites de oliva monovarietais produzidos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil.

Abstract

Olive growing is recent in Brazil; therefore, there is no scientific data regarding the chemical characteristics of oils produced in southern Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to chemically analyseolive oils from seven monavietal olive cultivars introduced in experimental units in Pelotas and Dom Pedrito. The study was conducted in three chapters: Chapter I – Literature review on bioactive compounds in olive oil and health benefits. It was considered the main rewies on the fatty acid composition, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, carotenoids and chlorophylls in olive and its relationship with oil stability and risk reduction of certain pathologies. Chapter II - Characterization of olive from Arbequina, Arbequina Maria da Fé, Koroneiki (Pelotas), Grapollo and Manzanilla (Dom Pedrito) cultivars from 2010/11 harvest. It was determined the oil yield, free acidity, peroxide value, ultraviolet absorbance (K232 and K270 nm nm), refractive index, fatty acid profile, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, carotenoids and chlorophyll content. Considering the parameters evaluated, the olive oils from Grapollo, Koroneiki, Manzanilla and Maria da Fé cultivars were classified as extra virgin, while the olive oil from Arbequina cultivar as virgin olive oil; Chapter III - Characterization of Arbequina and Koroneiki olive cultivars grown in Dom Pedrito in three consecutive seasons (2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12). Fruits (± 40 kg) of each cultivar were harvested and the oil obtained by mechanical extraction. It was determined the free acidity, peroxide value, UV absorbance (K232 and K270 nm nm), fatty acid profile, total phenolic compounds, tocopherols, total carotenoids and chlorophyll content. With the exception of the olive oil from cultivar Arbequina,olive harvest in 2011/12, all other samples showed levels consistent with olive oil extra virgin. There were differences in the levels of bioactive compounds both between cultivars and crops from the same cultivar.