Adição de conservantes em atrativos alimentares a base de proteína vegetal e horário de busca para o monitoramento de adultos de moscadas-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract

The fruit flies Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are the main pests of Brazilian fruit growing. For the management of this group of pest insects, monitoring using hydrolyzed protein is essential for successful control. Thus, the present study aimed to: a) evaluating the capture of A. fraterculus adults when adding the preservatives borax and benzalkonium chloride to the food lures Bioanastrepha® 5% and Isca Samaritá Tradicional® compared to the food lure Ceratrap®, based on animal protein (control, without the addition of preservatives), as well as checking the effect on non-target insects; b) knowing the daily activity of A. fraterculus and C. capitata related to the feeding schedule, by capturing adults in bait monitoring traps with different food lures. For the first experiment, 25 traps were placed in the field, in the canopy of trees at a height of 1.5m, containing 400 ml of food protein alone or in mixture, being evaluated weekly for a period of two months. For the experiment to determine the time of feeding activity, McPhail traps containing 400 ml of isolated food protein were placed inside the orchards, being evaluated initially during the day and night and then only during the day every two hours. The lures Bioanastrepha®, Isca Samaritá Tradicional® and Ceratrap® provided capture of A. fraterculus adults when used individually in McPhail traps. However, with the addition of borax and benzalkonium chloride, the lures Bioanastrepha® 5% and Isca Samaritá Tradicional® showed a significant increase in the number of adults captured, having a higher percentage of females compared to males. In relation to non-target insects, the highest percentage of captured individuals belonged to the order Coleoptera and Diptera (Drosophilidae). However, there was also the capture of insects belonging to the orders Hymenoptera (Formicidae, Vespidae and Apidae), Neuroptera and Lepidoptera, but the 8 percentage of capture was less than 1% of insects in relation to the total of A. fraterculus. The largest adult catches of A. fraterculus and C. capitata in McPhail traps occurred during the day between 06h:30min and 18h:30min for both species. The BioAnastrepha® food lure provided the largest catches when compared to Isca Samaritá Tradicional ® and Ceratrap®. For A. fraterculus and C. capitata, the period of greatest forage for the food lure was observed from 12h30min to 16h30min, time of highest temperature on the day. The addition of borax and benzalkonium chloride to the lures Bioanastrepha® and Isca Samaritá Tradicional® enhance the capture effect of A. fraterculus, being an alternative to increase the efficiency of the lures in monitoring traps. The definition of the period of greatest activity of A. fraterculus and C. capitata adults in the field helps in the elaboration and design of management strategies to be adopted.