Feminização do magistério no ensino secundário do Colégio Municipal Pelotense (1940-1960).

Abstract

This dissertation investigates the feminization process in the secondary teaching at the Pelotense Municipal College, located in the city of Pelotas-RS. It is important to understand the training and performance of the first female teachers, analyzing the possible relationships, related to the gender category in teaching, that were established In the institution during the period between the 1940s and 1960s. In this study, we start with the analysis of school documents found in the collection of the college, prioritizing some sources such as functional and settlement records, as well as three interviews with two ex- Teachers. It is assumed from the analyzed sources that secondary education at the time was still reserved primarily for men, both in disciplines related to the Human Sciences area and also in the disciplines focused on Exact Sciences. As main references, the research finds a theoretical contribution in Amaral (2005) in relation to the Pelotense Municipal College and the influence of Freemasonry in its organization; Almeida (1998), Chamon (2005), Louro (1987, 1997) and Matos (1997, 2013), In relation to the feminization of teaching and gender issues imposed by society, Pesavento (2004), on cultural history and the problematization of the various documents found; Julia (2001), Faria Filho et al. (2004) and Vidal (2005; 2009) regarding the school culture that helps in the understanding of the scenario in which the school practices are inserted and the modes of action of teachers, especially with regard to the female performance. The research is divided into two focuses of analysis: the first one, directed to the presence and admission of the first seven teachers working in the area of Human Sciences (decades of 1940-1950), admitted in great part by cultural capital (BOURDIEU, 1974, 2001) And insertion into society, facts that allowed them to teach foreign languages, home economics, orthodontic singing, manual work and physical education; And the second focus, in which the analysis fell on the admission of the first four female teachers in the area of mathematics, thus showing the beginning of female teaching in secondary education in the area of Exact Sciences in the 1960s, when it was legitimized From the training of these professionals with the higher education in that area.