Avaliação de policultivos entre adubos verdes e abóbora BRS Tortéi associados com húmus líquido de minhoca e seu efeito sobre as propriedades do solo

Abstract

Soils havean important biodiversity for life in ecosystems. Practices that enhance genetic, ecological, and cultural diversity in a transition from the homogeneous paradigm in family farming units, focused on exclusively economic practices, to holistic processes in a biodiverse production system, with the rescue of landrace species and the traditional knowledge of local populations, must be investigated and valued. In this respect, the objective of this study is to evaluate the polyculture between green manure and BRS Tortéi pumpkins associated with liquid earthworm humus and its effect on soil properties. The experimental design of the area was that of randomized blocks with 4 replications, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with 4 species of green manure (crotalaria, gray mucuna, pork beans and millet) in the plot and 2 levels of fertilization (with and without liquid humus at 10% dilution) in the sub-plot. The analyzed variables constituted the parameters to evaluate the contribution of soil cover plants (fresh and dry biomass), soil attributes (pH, conductivity, density, soil volatile solids, and nitrogen forms), the presence of edaphic fauna organisms in the production, productivity and diameter of the pumpkin fruit of landrace origin. For the parameters fresh biomass yield of green manures, pH, and volatile solids in the soil, the isolated effect of the species was statistically significant. The gray mucuna obtained the highest fresh biomass compared to the millet, obtaining the lowest production of green biomass. Both of these species did not differ statistically from crotalaria and pork bean. As for the average pH values, the difference found by the test was very small, showing no comparisons between them, but showing acidification in the soil solution. The values for volatile solids were higher in the plots with crotalaria compared to plots with gray mucuna, while pork beans and millet showed no difference from the others. There was a significant interaction between green cover plants and the application with liquid humus for all evaluated forms of nitrogen (N) in the soil. In the plots with pork beans and millet, there was no difference in the application of liquid humus for the averages of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH4+ ), nitrate (N-NO3 - ), total extractable nitrogen (NET), and organic nitrogen (Norg) in the soil. Forthe plots with crotalaria and gray mucuna, the use of liquid humus showed higher averages for NET, N-NH4+ , N-NO3 - and Norg for the control. The polyculture between green manure plants and BRS Tortéi pumpkins associated with liquid humus did not benefit in productive terms, but contributed to the chemical properties of the soil, specifically to the forms of nitrogen, within the time frame of the work.