Desempenho agronômico de soja e milho implantados com semeadoras desenvolvidas para a agricultura familiar

Abstract

Small holders play a fundamental role in food security in the country and in the world. However, the difficulties faced by family farmers cause, in addition to the lack of interest of young people in rural work, great pain in the execution of tasks in the farming. Thus, the search for suitable equipment designed for work on the property and developed for family farming is of great importance. Among the equipment that has been designed, seeders stand out. NIMEq, (Innovation Center in Agricultural Machinery and Equipment), of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), has developed prototype seeders for family farming in order to facilitate the work of the segment. However, these equipments lack information about the agronomic results of their use. Corn is one of the most important crops in family farming, but other crops, such as soybeans, are beginning to gain importance, mainly due to the increase in the organic farming system and its compatibility with the family farming model. Thus, the objective of this work was to test three prototypes of seeders developed by NIMEq for family farming in corn and soybean crops, in direct and conventional sowing systems and comparing them with a small seeder produced on a commercial scale. In addition, the change in the spatial arrangement of the soybean crop was tested in two years of experimentation by the use of a prototype of a human-powered push seeder, changing the row spacing of the crop to 0.15 m and comparing it with the seeder produced on a commercial scale with 0.45 m spacing. The response variables were: crop emergence speed index (IVE), acceptable, double and faulty spacings between plants, shoot dry mass (MSPA) and soil cover promoted by the crop (CS). The prototypes meet the expectation of seeding quality levels when compared to the commercial seeder. The prototype with a rod furrower still achieved superior results in some variables due to the conservation of moisture at the time of sowing the crops. The prototype with localized preparation, on the other hand, suffered from the low humidity condition at the time of sowing and had a lower result in some variables, which is a care to be taken when using it in this type of condition. With the change in the spatial arrangement of the soybean crop, there was an increase in the production of MSPA at a spacing of 0.15 m in both years. In addition, there was a higher CS by the crop when spaced at 0.15 m compared to the spacing of 0.45 m in the two years of cultivation.