Sucessão na agricultura familiar e juventude rural sob o prisma de organizações sindicais do Brasil e da Espanha

Abstract

The rural exodus is a problem that has been causing concern for some time, especially when associated with the premature departure of young people from the countryside, the progressive aging of the rural population and the emptying of rural spaces. This is a problem that plagues many countries, including Brazil and Spain. With the lack of successors, there is a scenario full of uncertainties about the future of agriculture and the agrarian sector of these and other nations. In this context, it is worth asking: how do the union organizations representing family farming in Brazil and Spain position themselves in relation to this instigating and challenging issue? Are there converging elements between the Brazilian and Spanish realities? This thesis seeks to answer these and other questions related to the topic. In this sense, the general objective is to identify the perspectives and challenges, in the understanding of union organizations in Brazil and Spain, on the generational succession in family farming, seeking to compare both realities represented, respectively, by the south of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. and through Andalusia. The methodological procedures reflect the nature of the research object, which demanded a qualitative methodology carried out through different techniques and different investigation phases. At first, a review of the scientific literature on the subject was carried out, which enabled the construction of the theoretical framework for this thesis. Subsequently, the collection of primary data was carried out through interviews with representatives of union organizations representing family farming in Brazil and Spain. In a later stage, the statements were fully transcribed for the assembly of a database, whose content of the speeches underwent the application of the technique known as content analysis. During the examination of the content of the interviews, ATLAS.ti® was used, a computer program designed to organize and classify the categories, as well as assist in the analysis of the statements. In light of the data collected, through the use of primary and secondary sources in both areas (Brazil and Spain), it was possible to verify recurrences and convergent aspects. Among these are the following categories of analysis: public policies, access to land and initial investments; profitability of production units; socioprofessional training; services and infrastructure in rural areas. Despite important differences, there are also elements that point to the existence of similar problems, as in the case of the progressive trend towards emptying the countryside and the crisis of opportunities experienced, in general, by families, young people and women in a particular way.