Produção de Bio-Óleo por Processos Biotecnológicos como Alternativa de Desenvolvimento Socioambiental da Colônia de Pescadores Z-3

Abstract

Artisanal fishing communities are undergoing the process of aging and rural exodus. This problem is also triggered by the poor remuneration of the activity, in addition to competition with industrial fishing and the decrease in fish in estuaries. Therefore, at 2022 it was declared by the United Nations General Assembly as the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture, aiming to rethink the socio-environmental structures and interactions of these activities in order to maintain them. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the production of bio-oil from fishing residues through biotechnological processes as an alternative to improve the socio-environmental characteristics of the Z-3 Fishermen's Colony. We sought to rethink the production model adopted in artisanal fisheries by proposing the correct destination of fish waste for the production of 2nd and 3rd generation biodiesel, aiming at the management of closed flow in the fishing production chain. The 2nd generation of biodiesel uses non-edible oils for its manufacture, and the 3rd generation is produced from microbial oils. Then, Rhodotorula R1 yeast was combined with fish residue after physical extraction of fish oil, as this oil is already known to be used in the manufacture of 2nd generation biodiesel, and the residue from this operation was used as a culture medium for the selected oleaginous microorganism. From the experiments carried out, it was possible to verify that the fish residue was effective for the production of single-cell oil from Rhodotorula R1, and the T1 treatment was the most effective in terms of oil concentration. In this treatment (T1) the yeast culture medium contained 5% fish residue supplemented with glucose (20 g L-1). Treatment T5 had the same conditions as Treatment T1, but it was also supplemented with peptone and yeast extract to verify the addition of nitrogen in the medium, and after statistical analysis, it was possible to verify that there was no significant change between the two treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that the fish residue is suitable to be used as a source of nitrogen for this yeast. Chromatographic analysis exhibited characteristics of the extracted oil that are similar to microbial oils reported in the bibliographies, and from FTIR analysis, it was verified that the conversion of this oil into biodiesel was effective. However, the quality of the generated biodiesel still needs to be evaluated. And to achieve better indices in the accumulation of single-cell oil, studies are suggested aiming at a greater C/N ratio using residues rich in sugars as a carbon source, aiming at reducing production costs.