Diversidade de invertebrados e atividade alimentar no solo em área de cultivo de milho orgânico e em fragmento florestal

Abstract

Soil is a natural resource made up of biotic and abiotic combinations which are affected by management and can significantly alter its functionality. The objective of this study is to evaluate soil biological parameters as a strategy to support management practices that are more suitable for agroecosystems. The work was carried out between March and April 2021, in the experimental areas and laboratories of the Cascata Experimental Station (CES, 31°37'15" S, 52°31'30" W, 170m altitude), Embrapa Clima Temperado, located in Pelotas/RS. The diversity of the epidemiological fauna was measured using the Provid-type pitfall trap method. For the artisanal making of the traps, PET bottles with a capacity of two liters were used, in which four openings were made in the form of windows (6 x 4cm), positioned 20cm from the base. The feeding activity of the soil biota was evaluated using the bait-lamina methodology. A total of 7,337 organisms were collected in the corn and forest areas, making it possible to classify them into 17 different groups. The orders Collembola and Diptera were predominant in the two areas, and more than 66.00% and 21.00% belonged to these orders, respectively. Mata A and Maize B had full similarity regarding the edaphic organisms found. It was possible to perceive that the average consumption of the nutritive mass of the blades in the cultivation of corn had a higher percentage in area A (81.64%) than in area B (77.00%). In an associative analysis of the organic matter present in the soil, it is verified that, in both areas, it presents a proportional ratio, with a nominal value close to the quotient obtained in the food activity, being an indication that low levels of organic matter induce a greater food activity, depending on the availability of food for the biota. It is concluded that the experiments proved to be effective in determining the evaluation of biological parameters of the soil as a strategy to support management practices more appropriate for agroecosystems, since it allowed to determine the levels of similarity between the environments, allowing to estimate that there was no difference significant difference between the forest, adjacent to the plantation, and the cultivation under agroecological management.