Influência do extrato de Pleurotus ostreatus na absorção intestinal de glicose pelo transportador de sódio glicose do tipo 1 em camundongos C57BL/6

Abstract

Carbohydrates make up ¾ of the biological world. Glucose is the most important carbohydrate and it is in this form that most carbohydrates in the diet are absorbed. Intestinal absorption of glucose across the luminal membrane occurs by secondary active transport coupled with Na+ influx. More specifically, in the gut, glucose competes with galactose for the same binding site on a carrier protein known as sodium-glucose transporter type 1 (SGLT1). Therefore, when bound to the transporter along with sodium, these monosaccharides are actively transported to the intracellular environment. To test the influence of SGLT1, phlorizin has been preferably used. This is a member of the chalcone class of organic compounds, which specifically and competitively inhibits both SGLT1 and SGLT2, another transporter subtype found in the kidney. On the other hand, it does not affect the transport performed by GLUTs. In the basolateral membrane, these are transported to the blood by facilitated diffusion by the carrier protein belonging to the family of glucose transporters (GLUT), in this case, type 2 GLUT. Regarding the SGLT1 carrier, studies have shown that its expression is closely associated with diet composition and that its exposure to monosaccharides can modulate its action/expression. In view of the numerous health problems affected by inadequate nutrition, studies with bioactive substances have the potential to contribute positively to the health of the population by reducing the risk of chronic diseases, in addition to containing substances that help promote health, bringing with it an improvement in nutritional status. In this context we can highlight the mushrooms. Among several mushrooms, those of the genus Pleurotus have been widely used in research. Within this genus, we highlight the species Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus), a popular species commercially cultivated worldwide and which has shown anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antinociceptive, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, antitumor potential, etc. Objective: To determine the influence of Pleurotus ostreatus extract on intestinal glucose absorption by SGLT1. Materials and methods: The research was carried out at the facilities of the cardiovascular physiology laboratory of the department of physiology and pharmacology at UFPel and at the Central Animal Facility of the Federal University of Pelotas. The project was divided into 3 experiments, which were subdivided into tests. Experiment 1: Evaluate the effects of P. ostreatus on intestinal absorption of saccharides and blood glucose; Experiment 2: To analyze the influence of P. ostreatus on blood glucose and its possible relationship with the presence of saccharides in the extract; Experiment 3: To analyze the influence of repeated exposure to P. ostreatus extract for 21 days on intestinal glucose absorption by the SGLT1 transporter. For this, glucose levels were measured through the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and through the glucose tolerance test (GTT). In both tests, a D-glucose solution was administered (2g/kg of body weight of the mice. At the end of experiment 3, the animals were duly euthanized by anesthetic deepening and exsanguination to collect the target tissues. Results and Conclusion: In conclusion , C57BL/6 mice submitted to a 21-day treatment with P. ostreatus extract at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, showed an increase in glucose transport by SGLT1.Additional analyzes are important to enrich the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the results obtained in the present work.