Influência do consumo de iogurte suplementado com Lactococcus lactis R7 e extrato de araçá vermelho nos marcadores inflamatórios e bioquímicos de camundongos induzidos ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Obesity is correlated with numerous comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronic low-grade inflammation, caused by obesity, is the link between excess adiposity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, new approaches are needed with the aim of minimizing inflammation caused by obesity and, consequently, restoring glycemic levels. Probiotics act to balance the microbiota, especially by restoring the intestinal barrier, preventing the influx of lipopolysaccharide into the circulation, reducing inflammation. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis R7 had a beneficial effect on stabilizing cancer cells, but research is still needed on its action on type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to probiotics, phenolic compounds present in fruits, such as red araçá, have the ability to reduce inflammation by suppressing inflammatory cytokines that are associated with obesity and thus reducing glycemic levels. Therefore, products supplemented with probiotic microorganisms and/or bioactive compounds can cause beneficial effects on health, especially on blood glucose homeostasis. The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential and biochemical parameters in mice induced with type 2 diabetes through the administration of yogurt supplemented with L. lactis R7 and red araçá extract. C57BL/6 mice were induced to type 2 diabetes mellitus, and then received different treatments for 30 days: control; yogurt (I); yogurt+probiotic (IP); yogurt+araçá (IA) and yogurt+probiotic+araçá (IPA). After euthanasia, hematological and biochemical parameters and adipokine levels were evaluated. IP treatment resulted in a significant reduction in glycemia in induced males and females, and a decrease of more than 70% in the ALT enzyme in induced females. A reduction in platelets was also observed in induced females treated with IPA. Furthermore, IP treatment contributed to the reduction of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β in both male and female induced groups, while IA treatment reduced IL-6 and TNF-α in induced females. Treatment I demonstrated efficacy in reducing proteins and total globulins in diabetic females. The diversity of responses observed across treatments and groups suggests that these interventions were beneficial both when applied individually and in combination in reducing the metabolic effects of obesity, including inflammation and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus.