Temperatura na secagem e condições de armazenamento sobre propriedades da soja para consumo e produção de biodiesel

Abstract

This experiment were studied the effects of five grains temperatures in the drying, storage environment (controlled and uncontrolled), during 12 months of storage in physical, chemical and physic-chemical characteristics of grains and soybean oil to the production of edible oil and biofuel. The grains were evaluate: moisture degree, volumetric weight, oil content and protein and crude soybean oil were evaluate: acidity index, peroxide index, saponification index, of iodine index and chromatographic profile of fatty acids. The grains were dried in prototype of stationary dryer in the Laboratory of Post-Harvest, Industrialization and Grains Quality, with axial flow air of 7.02 m3.min1.ton-1, in five grains temperatures of: 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100° C, with the total height layer of grains of 60 cm. After the drying, at 4, 8 and 12 months the grains and crude soybean oil were submitted to quality evaluate the grains: moisture degree, volumetric weight, oil content and protein and crude soybean oil were evaluate: acidity index, peroxide index, saponification index, of iodine index and chromatographic profile of fatty acids, the two environmental conditions of storage: controlled (average temperature 17°C and 65% relative humidity) and uncontrolled (average temperature 21°C and 83% relative humidity). With the work was ended that: a) The increase in grains temperature in the drying causes more immediate damage than latent. b) The time storage amending the grain stability with higher intensity in dried in the most drastic conditions and stored without environmental control for a longer time; c) The increase in grains temperature in the drying decrease the hygroscopicity, the hydro-lipid stability, volumetric height, oxidative stability and protein content without change the fatty acids profile; d)The thermal effects typical of the methods drying used on the grain stability are compatible with the soybeans use for feeding and for biofuel; e) For storage time by more than 4 months, mass temperatures above 60⁰C in drying are not indicated.